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- Earned a Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Illinois in 1941 at the age of 22.
- Served on the faculty at Howard University until 1954, when he accepted a position at UC Berkeley, where he became the institution's first African American tenured professor.
- Published over 80 articles in the field of mathematics, and gaged theorems that bear his name, including the Blackwell renewal theorem, and the Rao-Blackwell theorem.
- Worked extensively in the field of game theory, applying it to military situations
- The first African American to be named to the American Academy of Sciences
- In 2002 Berkley and Cornell Universities established the Blackwell-Tapia Award to recognize those who have inspired and achieved great things in the area of mathematical sciences.