Laws and Ethics Related to Emotional Support Animals.
Carroll, J.D., Mohlenhoff, B.S., Kersten, C.M., McNiel, D.E., Binder, R.L. (Sept. 2020). Laws and Ethics Related to Emotional Support Animals. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online DOI: 10.29158/JAAPL.200047-20
Emotional support animals are NOT service animals under current ADA laws
Michigan follows ADA law - Emotional support animals do NOT fall under current guidelines as a service animal https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/michigan-laws-on-service-dogs-and-emotional-support-animals.html
On the other hand, these article state that the difference between service animal and emotional support animal is a gray area especially in academic / educational settings.
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Examining the appearance of nonhuman animals laboring alongside humans in humanitarian operations Both critical and mainstream scholarly work on humanitarianism have largely been framed from anthropocentric perspectives highlighting humanity as the rationale for providing care to others. In Nonhuman Humanitarians, Benjamin Meiches explores the role of animals laboring alongside humans in humanitarian operations, generating new ethical possibilities of care in humanitarian practice. Nonhuman Humanitarians examines how these animals not only improve specific practices of humanitarian aid but have started to transform the basic tenets of humanitarianism. Analyzing case studies of mine-clearance dogs, milk-producing cows and goats, and disease-identifying rats, Nonhuman Humanitarians ultimately argues that nonhuman animal contributions problematize foundational assumptions about the emotional and rational capacities of humanitarian actors as well as the ethical focus on human suffering that defines humanitarianism. Meiches reveals that by integrating nonhuman animals into humanitarian practice, several humanitarian organizations have effectively demonstrated that care, compassion, and creativity are creaturely rather than human and that responses to suffering and injustice do not--and cannot--stop at the boundaries of the human.
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